A solar attic fan is a photovoltaic-powered exhaust fan that pulls superheated air out of the attic and draws cooler outside air in through the soffit vents. It runs hardest exactly when you need it most, because the sun that is heating the roof is also driving the fan. There is no wiring and no operating cost.
It is worth being direct about the limits. An attic fan reduces attic temperature; it does not replace insulation or air sealing, and in a house with a leaky ceiling plane a powered fan can pull conditioned air up out of the living space. Sealing first, then ventilating, is the correct order and it is the order we work in.
Sizing is a function of attic volume and existing net free ventilation area. Under-ventilating achieves nothing; over-ventilating without matching intake causes the problem described above. Placement is normally high on the rear or side slope, away from the ridge on ridge-vented roofs so the two systems do not short-circuit each other. On tile roofs we use tile-specific flashings so the covering stays watertight and within its product approval.
Solar attic fans are a permitted roof penetration in most Florida jurisdictions, and in High-Velocity Hurricane Zone counties the unit and its flashing need current product approval. Units are installed with the same flashing discipline as any other roof penetration, because a ventilation improvement that leaks is a net loss.
Most customers combine two or more of these in a single project.
Short answer: Solar attic fans remove trapped heat automatically, using power from the sun rather than your electric bill, reducing strain on your HVAC system during Florida's hottest months.